Biogeography UPSC. We covered all the Biogeography UPSC in this post for free so that you can practice well for the exam.
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MCQ on Biogeography for UPSC Students
Statement I Mechanical transfer of minerals from the soil horizon e.g. by rain, downwards is called eluviation. Statement II Chemical transfer of minerals from the soil horizon is called leaching. Codes
(a) Both the statements are individually true and statement II is the correct explanation of statement I
(b) Both the statements are individually true, but statement II is not the correct explanation of statement I
(c) Statement I is true, but statement II is false
(d) Statement I is false, but statement II is true
Option a – Both the statements are individually true and statement II is the correct explanation of statement I
Statement I Horizonation is the process of differentiation of soil in its depth. Statement II Differentiation of soil is due to eluviation, illuviation, humification etc. Codes
(a) Both the statements are individually true and statement II is the correct explanation of statement I
(b) Both the statements are individually true, but statement II is not the correct explanation of statement I
(c) Statement I is true, but statement II is false
(d) Statement I is false, but statement Il is true
Option a – Both the statements are individually true and statement II is the correct explanation of statement I
Consider the following statements and choose the correct option. I. A cold and humid climate is most favourable for podzolisation. II. The process of laterisation removes silica from the soil. III. The warm and tropical climate is most favourable for laterisation. Codes
(a) Both I and II
(b) Both II and III
(c) Both I and III
(d) All of these
Option b – Both II and III
Consider the following statements. I. The pedogenic processes are extremely complex and dynamic. II. Various processes operate under varying natural environments to form soil. III. Leaching does not affect soil formation. Choose the correct option.
(a) Both I and II
(b) Both II and III
(c) Both I and III
(d) All of these
Option a – Both I and II
C-horizon in a soil profile consists of which of the following?
(a) Sub-soil
(b) Parent material
(c) Bedrock
(d) Topsoil
Option b – Parent material
Identify the correct statement.
(a) The soil column comprises A, B and C horizons.
(b) C-horizon lies below the level of root activity.
(c) The substance of the soil exists in solid and liquid states.
(d) The field capacity of soil is also referred to as wilting point.
Option b – C-horizon lies below the level of root activity
Consider the following statements. I. A soil profile is a horizontal cross-section of the soil. II. The C-horizon is termed a sub-stratum. III. The B-horizon is also known as the zone of accumulation. Choose the statement/s which is/are correct.
(a) Both II and III
(b) All of these
(c) Both I and III
(d) Both I and II
Option a – Both II and III
Consider the following statements and choose the correct ones. I. The crops mainly grow in A and B horizons. II. The largest organic matter accumulates in A-horizon. III. The C-horizon is not influenced by soil-forming processes. Codes
(a) Both I and II
(b) All of these
(c) Both II and III
(d) None of these
Option b – All of these
Assertion (A) The C-horizon is affected by physical and chemical processes. Reason (R) Podzol soils are very suitable for grain crops because these soils contain a good amount of bases. Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Option b – Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
What is soil profile?
(a) The aggregation of individual soil particles in the form of lumps or clusters of soil.
(b) A distinct layer of soil having distinct chemical composition, colour, texture and structure.
(c) The vertical arrangement of horizons up to the parent rock.
(d) Loose and unconsolidated weathered materials.
Option c – The vertical arrangement of horizons up to the parent rock
The organic matter accumulates in which of the following horizons?
(a) O-horizon
(b) A-horizon
(c) B-horizon
(d) C-horizon
Option b – A-horizon
A, E and B horizons are together known as
(a) Sub-soil
(b) Stratum
(c) Solum
(d) None of these
Option c – Solum
Which of the following is concerned with soil?
(a) Edaphic
(b) Climate
(c) Biotic
(d) Topography
Option a – Edaphic
Biodiversity forms the basis for human existence in which of the following ways?
(a) Soil formation
(b) Prevention of soil erosion
(c) Recycling of waste
(d) Pollination of crops
Option a – Soil formation
Which one of the following processes occurs in the humid tropics where rain and uninterrupted warmth heavy give rise to a deeply weathered layer?
(a) Leaching
(b) Podzolisation
(c) Laterisation
(d) Salinisation
Option c – Laterisation
In which of the following processes silica is removed rather than on or aluminium, which accumulates at the surface?
(a) Leaching
(b) Podzolisation
(c) Laterisation
(d) Salinisation
Option c – Laterisation
In which one of the following soil-forming processes, organic acids of soluble chelates are formed?
(a) Leaching
(b) Podzolisation
(c) Laterisation
(d) Salinisation
Option b – Podzolisation
When soil materials are removed from the elluvial horizon and deposited in the lower layers, it is known as
(a) Laterisation
(b) Illuviation
(c) Leaching
(d) Eluviation
Option b – Illuviation
In wet regions, soil water often washes clay particles down through root channels and worm tunnels. The clay particles are then deposited in the sub-soil. This process is called
(a) eluviation
(b) cheluviation
(c) lessivation
(d) leaching
Option a – eluviation
Consider the following statements and choose the correct one. I. Calcification involves precipitation and accumulation of calcium carbonate. II. Podzolisation leaches calcium carbonate from the soil. III. The accumulation of magnesium is termed alkalisation. Codes
(a) Both I and II
(b) All of these
(c) Both II and III
(d) Both I and III
Option a – Both I and II
Which of the following is/are the active processes in the formation and development of soil?
(a) Relief
(b) Time
(c) Parent material
(d) Climate
Option d – Climate
In the first stage of soil formation, the parent rock material is weathered into
(a) Lopolith
(b) Batholith
(c) Regolith
(d) None of these
Option c – Regolith
High temperature leads to which of the following effects on soil formation?
(a) Reduces microbial activity
(b) Increases leaching
(c) Increases microbial activity
(d) None of the above
Option c – Increases microbial activity
Forests play an important role in the formation of soil in which of the following ways?
(a) Increases humidity
(b) Reduces evaporation
(c) Improves precipitation
(d) All of the above
Option d – All of the above
Which of the following factors is considered as a ‘passive soil former’? ( Biogeography UPSC )
(a) Climate
(b) Time
(c) Biota
(d) Parent material
Option b – Time
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