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JEE Mains Chemistry Solutions for Students
The stable oxidation state of actinides is :
(A) +4
(B) +3
(C) +5
(D) +6
Option b – +3
The symbol of the element californium is :
(A) Cm
(B) Cr
(C) Cf
(D) Cn
Option c – Cf
The most characteristic oxidation state of lanthanides is :
(A) +2
(B) +3
(C) +4
(D) none of these
Option b – +3
Name the three lanthanides which show a +2 oxidation state also :
(A) Sm, Tb, Gd
(B) Sm, Eu, Yb
(C) La, Gd, Lu
(D) Yb, Pm, Sm
Option b – Sm, Eu, Yb
The elements from cerium (At. No. 58) to lutetium (At. No. 71) in which 4f energy levels are filled up are called :
(A) lanthanides
(B) rare earth
(C) lanthanones
(D) all the above
Option d – all the above
The actinides showing a +7 oxidation state are :
(A) U, Np
(B) Pu, Am
(C) Np, Pu
(D) None of these
Option c – Np, Pu
The maximum oxidation state shown by actinides is :
(A) +6
(B) +7
(C) +5
(D) +4
Option b – +7
Which of the following is a lanthanide :
(A) Ta
(B) Rh
(C) Th
(D) Gd
Option d – Gd
Four successive members of the first-row transition elements are listed below with their atomic numbers. Which one of them is expected to have the highest third ionization enthalpy?
(A) Vanadium (Z = 23)
(B) Chromium (Z = 24)
(C) Manganese (Z = 25)
(D) Iron (Z = 26)
Option c – Manganese (Z = 25)
More oxidation states are exhibited by the actinoids than by the lanthanoids. The main reason for this is
(A) the more active nature of the actinoids
(B) more energy difference between Sf and 6d orbitals than that between 4f and 5d orbitals
(C) the lesser energy difference between Sf and 6d orbitals than that between 4f and 5d orbitals
(D) greater metallic character of the lanthanoids than that of the corresponding actinoids
Option b – more energy difference between Sf and 6d orbitals than that between 4f and 5d orbitals
For the four successive transition elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co), the stability of the +2 oxidation state will be there in which of the following order? (At. nos. Cr= 24, Mn = 25, Fe = 26, Co=27)
(A) Mn > Fe> Cr> Co
(B) Fe > Mn > Co > Cr
(C) Co > Mn > Fe> Cr
(D) Cr > Mn > Co > Fe
Option b – Fe > Mn > Co > Cr
(A) Ce(+4) solutions are widely used as oxidizing agents in volumetric analysis
(B) Europium shows a +2 oxidation state
(C) The basicity decreases as the ionic radius decreases form Pr to Lu
(D) All the lanthanons are much more reactive than aluminum
Option a – Ce(+4) solutions are widely used as oxidizing agents in volumetric analysis
Name the gas that can readily decolorize acidified KMnO4 solution.
(A) SO2
(B) NO2
(C) P2O5
(D) CO2
Option a – SO2
Assuming complete ionization, the same moles of which of the following compounds will require the least amount of acidified KMnO4 for complete oxidation?
(A) FeC₂04
(B) Fe(NO₂)₂
(C) FeSO4
(D) FeSO3
Option c – FeSO4
Which of the correct order of increasing energy of the listed orbitals in the atoms of titanium? (At.no.Z =22)
(A) 3s 3p 3d 4s
(B) 3s 3p 4s 3d
(C) 3s 4s 3p 3d
(D) 4s 3s 3p 3d
Option b – 3s 3p 4s 3d
When copper is heated with conc. HNO3 it produces?
(A) Cu(NO3)2 and N₂O
(B) Cu(NO3)2 and NO2
(C) Cu(NO3)2 and NO
(D) Cu(NO3)2, NO and N₂O
Option b – Cu(NO3)2 and NO2
Which one of the following statements is correct when SO₂ is passed through acidified K₂Cr₂O7 solution?
(A) Green Cr2(SO4)3 is formed
(B) The solution turns blue
(C) The solution is decolorized
(D) SO2 is reduced
Option a – Green Cr2(SO4)3 is formed
Which one of the following statements about the interstitial compounds is incorrect?
(A) They retain metallic conductivity
(B) They are much harder than pure metal
(C) They have higher melting points than pure metal
(D) They are chemically reactive
Option d – They are chemically reactive
The pair of compounds that can exist together is
(A) FeCl3, SnCl2
(B) HgCl2, SnCl2
(C) FeCl2, SnCl2
(D) FeCl3, KI
Option c – FeCl2, SnCl2
Reason for lanthanide contraction
(A) Negligible screening effect of f-orbitals
(B) Increasing nuclear charge
(C) Decreasing nuclear charge
(D) Decreasing screening effect
Option a – Negligible screening effect of f-orbitals
Because of lanthanoid contraction, which of the following pairs of elements have nearly the same atomic radii? (Numbers in the parenthesis are atomic numbers)
(A) Zr(40) and Hf(72)
(B) Zr(40) and Ta(73)
(C) Ti(22) and Zr(40)
(D) Zr(40) and Nb(41)
Option a – Zr(40) and Hf(72)
The reason for the greater range of oxidation states in actionids is attributed to :
(A) Actinoid contraction
(B) 5f, 6d, and 7s levels having comparable energies
(C) 4f and 5d levels being close in energies
(D) The radioactive nature of actinoids
Option b – 5f, 6d, and 7s levels having comparable energies
The highest oxidation state of manganese in fluoride is +4 (MnF4) but the highest oxidation state in oxides is +7 (Mn207) because ………
(A) Fluorine is more electronegative than oxygen.
(B) Fluorine does not possess d-orbitals.
(C) fluorine stabilizes lower oxidation state.
(D) In covalent compounds, fluorine can form single bonds only while oxygen forms double bonds.
Option d – In covalent compounds, fluorine can form single bonds only while oxygen forms double bonds
Although Zirconium belongs to the 4d transition series and Hafnium to the 5d transition series even then they show similar physical and chemical properties because ……….
(A) both belong to d-block.
(B) both have the same number of electrons.
(C) both have a similar atomic radius.
(D) both belong to the same group of the periodic table.
Option c – both have a similar atomic radius
Why is HCI not used to make the medium acidic in oxidation reactions of KMnO4 in the acidic medium?
(A) Both HCl and KMnO4 act as oxidizing agents.
(B) KMnO4 oxidizes HCl into Cl₂ which is also an oxidizing agent.
(C) KMnO4 is a weaker oxidizing agent than HCl.
(D) KMnO4 acts as a reducing agent in the presence of HCL.
Option b – KMnO4 oxidizes HCl into Cl₂ which is also an oxidizing agent
Generally, transition elements and their salts are colored due to the presence of unpaired electrons in metal ions. Which of the following compounds are colored?
(A) KMnO4
(B) Ce (SO4)2
(C) TiCl4
(D) Both A and B
Option d – Both A and B
The electronic configuration of Cu(II) is 3d9 whereas that of Cu(I) is 3d10. Which of the following is correct?
(A) Cu(II) is more stable
(B) Cu(II) is less stable
(C) Cu(I) and Cu(II) are equally stable
(D) Stability of Cu(I) and Cu(II) depends on the nature of copper salts
Option a – Cu(II) is more stable
Interstitial compounds are formed when small atoms are trapped inside the crystal lattice of metals. Which of the following is not the characteristic property of interstitial compounds?
(A) They have high melting points in comparison to pure metals.
(B) They are very hard.
(C) They retain metallic conductivity.
(D) They are chemically very reactive.
Option d – They are chemically very reactive
Knowing that the Chemistry of lanthanoids (Ln) is dominated by its +3 oxidation state, which of the following statements is incorrect?
(A) The ionic sizes of Ln (III) decrease in general with increasing atomic numbers.
(B) Ln (III) compounds are generally colorless.
(C) Ln (III) hydroxides are mainly basic in character.
(D) Because of the large size of the Ln (III) ions the bonding in its compounds is predominantly ionic in character.
Option b – Ln (III) compounds are generally colorless
Iron exhibits + 2 and + 3 oxidation states. Which of the following statements about iron is incorrect?
(A) Ferrous compounds are relatively more ionic than the corresponding ferric compounds.
(B) Ferrous compounds are less volatile than the corresponding ferric compounds
(C) Ferrous compounds are more easily hydrolyzed than the corresponding ferric compounds
(D) Ferrous oxide is more basic in nature than the ferric oxide
Option c – Ferrous compounds are more easily hydrolyzed than the corresponding ferric compounds
In context with the transition elements, which of the following statements is incorrect?
(A) In the highest oxidation states, the transition metal shows basic character and forms cationic complexes.
(B) In the highest oxidation states of the first five transition elements (Sc to Mn), all the 4s and electrons are used for bonding.
(C) Once the d5 configuration is exceeded, the tendency to involve all the 3d electrons in bonding decreases.
(D) In addition to the normal oxidation states, the zero oxidation state is also shown by these elements in complexes.
Option a – In the highest oxidation states, the transition metal shows basic character and forms cationic complexes
The lanthanoid contraction is responsible for the fact that
(A) Zr and Y have about the same radius
(B) Zr and Nb have similar oxidation states
(C) Zr and Hf have about the same radius
(D) Zr and Zn have a similar oxidation state
Option c – Zr and Hf have about the same radius
Lanthanoid contraction is caused due to
(A) the same effective nuclear charge from Ce to Lu
(B) the imperfect shielding on outer electrons by 4f electrons from the nuclear charge
(C) the appreciable shielding on outer electrons by 4f electrons from the nuclear charge
(D) the appreciable shielding on outer electrons by 5d electrons from the nuclear charge
Option b – the imperfect shielding on outer electrons by 4f electrons from the nuclear charge
Identify the incorrect statement among the following
(A) d-block elements show irregular and erratic chemical properties among themselves
(B) La and Lu have partially filled d-orbitals and no other partially filled orbitals
(C) The chemistry of various lanthanoids is very similar
(D) 4f and 5f-orbitals are equally shielded
Option d – 4f and 5f-orbitals are equally shielded
The actinoids exhibit more oxidation states in general than the lanthanoids. This is because
(A) The 5f-orbitals are more buried than the 4f orbitals
(B) There is a similarity between 4f-and-5f in their angular part of the wave function
(C) The actinoids are more reactive than the lanthanoids
(D) The 5f-orbitals extend further from the nucleus than the 4f-orbitals
Option d – The 5f-orbitals extend further from the nucleus than the 4f-orbitals
Cerium (Z = 58) is an important member of the lanthanoids. Which of the following statement about cerium is incorrect
(A) Cerium (IV) acts as an oxidizing agent
(B) The +3 oxidation state of cerium is more stable than the +4 oxidation state
(C) The +4 oxidation state of cerium is not known in solutions
(D) The common oxidation states of cerium are +3 and +4
Option c – The +4 oxidation state of cerium is not known in solutions
Which one of the following statements is not correct?
(A) The oxides and hydroxides of d-block elements are less basic than those of f-block elements
(B) The size of atoms and ions of d-block elements are relatively smaller than those of f-block elements
(C) The tendency of d-block elements to form complexes is less than that of f-block elements
(D) f-block elements are called inner transition elements
Option c – The tendency of d-block elements to form complexes is less than that of f-block elements
The lanthanide contraction refers to
(A) a Decrease in the number of valence electrons of the lanthanide series
(B) The gradual contraction in the ionic radius of the lanthanide series
(C) a Decrease in the density of the series
(D) a Decrease in the nuclear mass of the series
Option b – The gradual contraction in the ionic radius of the lanthanide series
The separation of lanthanides by ion exchange method is based on
(A) the Basicity of the hydroxides
(B) Size of the ions
(C) The solubility of their nitrates
(D) The oxidation state of the metal ion
Option b – Size of the ions
Which of the following statements is not correct regarding lanthanides and actinides?
(A) The oxidation state of +3 is predominant in both the series
(B) In both series, f orbitals are progressively filled
(C) The elements of both series are radioactive
(D) Both the series show contraction as lanthanide contraction and actinide contraction
Option c – The elements of both series are radioactive
Lanthanide contraction is due to an increase in
(A) Shielding by 4f electrons
(B) Atomic number
(C) Effective nuclear charge
(D) size of 4 f-orbital
Option c – Effective nuclear charge
The basic character of the transition metal) monoxide follows the order
(A) VO> CrO > TiO > FeO
(B) CrO > VO> FeO > TiO
(C) TiO > FeO > VO > CrO
(D) TIO > VO > CrO > FeO
Option d – TIO > VO > CrO > FeO
Elements that generally exhibit multiple oxidation states and whose ions are usually colored are
(A) metalloids
(B) non-metals
(C) transition elements
(D) gases
Option c – transition elements
Which of the following substances has the least ionic character?
(A) FeCl2
(B) ZnCl2
(C) HgCl2
(D) MgCl2
Option b – ZnCl2
The atomic number (Z) of an element is 2S. In its ground state, how many electrons are present in the “N” shell?
(A) 13
(B) 2
(C) 15
(D) 3
Option c – 15
Transition metals are often paramagnetic owing to
(A) h High m.pt. and b.pt.
(B) the presence of vacant orbitals
(C) the presence of unpaired electrons
(D) malleability and ductility
Option c – the presence of unpaired electrons
Lanthanide contraction implies
(A) a Decrease in density
(B) a Decrease in mass
(C) a Decrease in ionic radii
(D) a Decrease in radioactivity
Option c – a Decrease in ionic radii
The lanthanide contraction is responsible for the fact that
(A) Zr and Y have about the same radius
(B) Zr and Nb have similar oxidation states
(C) Zr and Hf have about the same radius
(D) Zr and Zn have the same oxidation state
Option c – Zr and Hf have about the same radius
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